初二英語上冊知識(shí)點(diǎn)：語法結(jié)構(gòu)

　　運(yùn)用的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為五個(gè)類型。

　　1、 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語（S+V+P）

　　列如：She is a student （身份）       He has become an engineer

　　It tastes sweet                  They are in the classroom

　　動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞，其后的表語表示主語的身份，特征或者狀態(tài)。英語中可用作系動(dòng)詞的數(shù)量很少，最常用的是be的各種變化形式，系動(dòng)詞，如become，turn，look，seem，appear，sound，taste，smell，remain，prove，keep，fall，等

　　2、 主語+動(dòng)詞（S+V）

　　列如：water flows                      He is reading

　　She has arrived       They will come               Mary cried

　　例如：They have reached NEW YORK        They have arrived at NEWYORK

　　3、主語+動(dòng)詞+賓語（S+V+O）

　　例如：Tom speaks English      He bought a jacket

　　They have finished the job      Rose is reading a book

　　及物動(dòng)詞，其后必須跟一個(gè)賓語

　　3、 主語+動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語（S+V+O+O）

　　例如：Mr Brown teaches them English     Mother told me a story

　　Give us a ring when you arrive at the college

　　The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up

　　直接賓語是動(dòng)作承受者或結(jié)果，間接賓語則表示動(dòng)作是為誰做的

　　4、 主語+動(dòng)詞+賓語+補(bǔ)語(S+V+O+C)

　　例如：We elected him chairman      We should keep the classroom clean

　　I want her to come      She had a new dress made、

　　She heared him singing  賓語和補(bǔ)語在邏輯上是主與表或者主與謂的關(guān)系。也就是說補(bǔ)語表示賓語的特征，身份，狀態(tài)，或是賓語的行為動(dòng)作。如果這一結(jié)構(gòu)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，那么原來的賓語變成了主語，后面的補(bǔ)語便是主語的補(bǔ)語

　　：We found him（reading in the library）（括號(hào)內(nèi)表示賓語的補(bǔ)語）

　　所有者成分都是必不可少的，缺少任何一個(gè)成分都會(huì)破壞句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性。句子結(jié)構(gòu)中的基本成分包括主語、動(dòng)詞、表語、賓語、和補(bǔ)語、英語句子中還有起修飾作用的定語和狀語，以及起解釋說明作用的同位語。下面括號(hào)部分即為定語、狀語和同位語。

　　例如：She is a good student

　　They will come soon

　　Mr Brown，Tom's father ，is an engineer

　　因此，英語的句子成分主語有主語，動(dòng)詞，表語，賓語，補(bǔ)語，定語，狀語和同位語。問題：名詞作表語和名詞作單賓之間的區(qū)別？名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語和名詞作直接賓語的差別？

　　分析下列各句屬于哪種基本結(jié)構(gòu)，并劃出各個(gè)句子成分。

　　1、I saw Jane in the reading room

　　2、Production grows rapidly

　　3、They treated me as their own son

　　4、His classmates made him their monitor

　　5、Victor passed Robert the ball

　　6、You did not need to arrive so early

　　7、The children ran merrily after him

　　8、It is getting dark

　　9、Martin，my good friend，has given me a lot of help

　　10、Circumstances do not permit me to leave

　　11、The population of city rose by 20 percent

　　12、She had a new dress made

　　13、Her face turned red at his words

　　14、The old professor lectures twice a week

　　15、Tom become a good student at last

　　16、I want that blue skirt ,the one on the left

　　17、They will have a meeting in room 205

　　18、Her parents bought her a new radio

　　19、She told us a lot of interesting stories

　　20、The food smells nice

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