第10講：時(shí)態(tài) (二)
時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用比較復(fù)雜，好多同學(xué)因?yàn)樽鲱}時(shí)不知應(yīng)用哪種時(shí)態(tài)而撓頭皮。其實(shí)你只要把易混的時(shí)態(tài)掌握好，對(duì)你來說時(shí)態(tài)就沒有什么難點(diǎn)可言了。而你易混的時(shí)態(tài)無非是一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)的比較罷了。這有何難?看看下面的分析，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一切"as easy as A B C"。
一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
一般過去式只是表示事情發(fā)生在過去，陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，它可以和確定的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語如：last night, in 1999, three days ago等連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以它不能和確定的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。
如： We have seen that film. 我們已看過那部電影。 對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是我們對(duì)影片已有所了解。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我們看了那部電影。只說明昨天晚上看電影這一事實(shí)。
注意：有些時(shí)間狀語，如this morning,tonight, this month 等，既可用于一般過去時(shí)，又可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但所表達(dá)的意義有所不同。用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)，而用于一般過去式則與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。如： I have read this book this April.(說話時(shí)仍然為四月。) I read this book this April. (說話時(shí)四月份已過。)
一般過去式和過去完成時(shí)的比較：
一般過去式表示過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去完成時(shí)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即"過去的過去"。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在某一動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，常用此時(shí)態(tài)。
如： He had finished his homework before nine o'clock. 九點(diǎn)之前他已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。實(shí)際上，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)常搭配使用。如： When he got home, his daughter had already gone to bed. 當(dāng)他到家的時(shí)候，他的女兒早已去睡覺了。
在帶有after和before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，由于從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確，所以可以用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。 如：He called on me soon after he had finished his homework. 他做完作業(yè)后不久便來拜訪我。也可以說： He called on me soon after he finished his homework.
哇塞，我們終于學(xué)完了所有時(shí)態(tài)，摩拳擦掌，試試趁熱打鐵！
練習(xí)：
1. Zhao Lan ____ already ___ in this school for two years.
A. was...studying
B. will ... study
C. has ...studied
D. are studying
2. They usually _____ TV in the evening.
A. watch
B. will watch
C. are watching
D. watches
3. Judy _____ the Great Wall twice, and now she still ______ to go there.
A. went to , wanted
B. goes to , wants
C. has gone , wants
D. has been to, wants
4. She will find him a kind man when she _______ more about him.
A. knows
B. know
C. will know
D. is going to know
5. --What are you going to give our teacher for Teacher's Day?
--I'm not sure. Maybe I _____ him some flowers.
A. have given
B. will give
C. gave
D. give
6. --Tom ______ out.
--Oh, is he? What time _____ he _____ out?
A. is, did, go
B. went, is ,going
C. has gone, did, go
D. is going, does, go
7. It's nine o'clock now, they ______ an English class.
A. have
B. are having
C. having
D. will have
8. --" Where is Li Lei?"
--" He _______ his sports shoes in the room. He ______ football with his friends."
A. is putting on , is playing
B. puts on, will play
C. is putting on , will play
D. put on, played
9. Miss Smith with her parents ______ China since _________.
A. have been in , two years ago
B. has gone to, two years
C. have been to, two years
D. has been in, two years ago
10. When I knocked at the door, my mother _______.
A. is cooking
B. cooked
C. was cooking
D. cooks
實(shí)踐：
1. Jack's father is ______ doctor.
A. a
B. an
C. some
D. /
2. He often does some washing ______ Sunday.
A. at
B. in
C. on
D. by
3. This room is ours, and that one is ________.
A. they
B. them
C. their
D. theirs
4. Tom is _______ boy in his class.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
5. "Can you come here next Friday?"
"Sorry, I _______."
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. needn't
D. may not
6. Did you ______ the football match last night?
A. see
B. watch
C. look
D. read
7. There ________ many high buildings in this city.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
8. John has two brothers. One is an artist, ________ is a scientist.
A. the others
B. another
C. the other
D. others
9. The man asked the policeman _______.
A. let hime to go
B. to let him to go
C. let him go
D. to let him go
10. Please _______ page 54 and read lesson Twelve.
A. turn to
B. turn into
C. turn in
D. turn on
11. He did not go home ______ he finished the work.
A. of
B. because
C. until
D. since
12. The old man was _______ tired that she couldn't walk on.
A. so
B. too
C. very
D. quite
13. We are busy ________ our lessons these days.
A. prepare
B. preparing
C. to prepare
D. prepared
14. I'll go with you if I ________ free tomorrow.
A. will be
B. shall be
C. am
D. was
15. Do you know ________?
A. where does he live
B. where he lives
C. he where lives
D. he lives where
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