初中英語：疫情相關高頻詞匯及考點(3)

　　infection / ?n?fek?n /：n. 傳染 由 infect + -ion (名詞后綴)構成

　　pneumonia / nu?mo?n?? / n. 肺炎這個詞，是由 pneumon- (肺)+ -ia (疾病名詞后綴)構成

　　冠狀病毒通常通過以下途徑傳播：

　　1. the air by coughing and sneezing

　　經由空氣傳播，比如咳嗽、打噴嚏

　　2. close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands

　　通過人與人之間的近距離接觸傳播，比如觸摸或者握手

　　3. touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands

　　通過觸摸物品或感染病毒的用品表面傳播，原因在于沒洗手就觸摸嘴、鼻和眼睛

　　4. rarely, fecal contamination

　　還有一種比較少見的，就是通過糞便傳染

　　考點2：如何預防冠狀病毒

　　1. Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub.用肥皂或者用含酒精的洗手液洗手。

　　2. Cover nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing with tissue or flexed elbow.咳嗽或打噴嚏時，用面巾紙或屈肘捂住口鼻。

　　3. Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms.避免跟有感冒或流感癥狀的人密切接觸。

　　4. Thoroughly cook meat and eggs.將肉類和雞蛋徹底煮熟。

　　5. Avoid unprotected contact with live wild or farm animals. 避免在未加防護的情況下接觸野生動物或家畜。

　　考點3：外媒報道

　　1. 什么是冠狀病毒?

　　What is a coronavirus?Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can betransmitted (傳播，動詞) from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　冠狀病毒是一大類常見于動物的病毒的總稱。

　　據美國疾病控制和預防中心稱，在極少數情況下，科學家稱之為“人畜共患疾病”，這意味著它們可以從動物傳染給人類。

　　2. 冠狀病毒癥狀

　　Coronavirus symptoms

　　The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract (上呼吸道) illness, similar to a common cold.

　　For those with a weakened immune system, the elderly and the very young, there's a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia (肺炎) or bronchitis (支氣管炎).

　　There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly (致命的), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome).

　　The Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to be more mild than SARS and MERS and takes longer to develop symptoms. Patients to date have typically experienced a mild cough for a week followed by shortness of breath (呼吸急促). So far, around 15% to 20% of cases have become severe, requiring, for example, ventilation in the hospital.

　　通常表現為輕中度上呼吸道疾病，癥狀類似于普通感冒。對于免疫力較弱的老年人和兒童，病毒有可能導致更嚴重的下部呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支氣管炎。

　　有些冠狀病毒是致命的，如中東呼吸綜合征(MERS)和SARS。

　　目前認為，武漢冠狀病毒相較SARS和MERS更為溫和，潛伏時間更長。到目前為止，患者通常在一周內出現輕微咳嗽，隨后出現呼吸急促癥狀。目前，大約15%到20%的病例病情出現惡化情況，需要入院并接受呼吸機治療。

　　3. 傳播途徑

　　How it spreadsViruses can spread from human contact (接觸) with animals.

　　When it comes to human-to-human transmission (傳播，名詞) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected person's secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (小水滴，飛沫) in a cough.Depending on how virulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could causeexposure (暴露，接觸). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes.

　　病毒可通過人類與動物的接觸傳播。

　　病毒在人與人之間傳播時，通常發生在接觸到感染者的分泌物時，例如咳嗽時的飛沫。

　　根據病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打噴嚏或握手都可能導致暴露。這種病毒也可以通過觸摸被感染者觸摸過的東西，然后觸摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛來傳播。

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