2022年初中英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)的應(yīng)用

①基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

肯定句式：be +done (及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)

如果是不及物動(dòng)詞 + 相應(yīng)的介詞或副詞

否定句式：be +not +done

疑問句式：be動(dòng)詞(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)放句首

被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的be為助動(dòng)詞，無意義。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。

注：☆被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be后面的過去分詞不變。

Eg：

1.The song is liked by young people. (肯定句)

2.The song isn’t liked by young people.(否定句)

3. Is the song liked by young people ?(一般疑問句)

4.Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?(特殊疑問句)

②各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(動(dòng)詞以do為例)：

→一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：am/is /are done

例句：He is asked to do this.

→一般過去時(shí)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：was/were done

例句：The story was told by her mother.

→一般將來時(shí)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：will /shall be done

Is/are going to

例句：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

→過去將來時(shí)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：should/would be done

Was/were are going to

例句：He said the trees would be planted soon.

→現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：am/is/are being done

例句：The novel is being written.

→過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：was/were being done

例句：At that time the desk was being made.

→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：has/have been done

例句：The house has been built.

→過去完成時(shí)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式：had been done

例句：They said that their work had been finished.

含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+ done Your homework must be handed in today.

其它幾種特殊句型：

It is said that ……..

It is well known that …….

It is reported that……

例：

①History is made by the people. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))

②The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般過去時(shí))

③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般將來時(shí))

④The room must be kept clean.(含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài))

⑤The door is being opened.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))

⑥The film has been seen by me.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))

注：☆不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞be的變化上,同時(shí)助動(dòng)詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。

③應(yīng)用情況

行為的執(zhí)行者不明確或不必說出來。

Eg: A stranger was killed last night.

用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者。

Eg: The story is told everywhere in the city.

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