2023年初中英語主要時(shí)態(tài)系列： 過去將來時(shí)

過去將來時(shí)

定義

一般過去將來時(shí)表示從過去的某一時(shí)間來看將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。

She was fifty-eight then. In two years，she would be sixty.她那時(shí)已經(jīng)58歲歲了，在過兩年，她就60了。第二句中的“兩年后”并未沒有到來，但整件事情又是描述的過去的事情，所以要用過去將來時(shí)。

構(gòu)成

肯定句：

同一般將來時(shí)，把系動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)檫^去式，把will，shall變?yōu)檫^去式。如下：主語+be(was，were)going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語+be(was，were)not going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Be(Was，Were)+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

肯定句：

主語+would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他主語+would(should)not+動(dòng)詞原形 +其他Would(Should)+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他

過去將來時(shí)常用時(shí)間狀語

at eight the next night

第二天早上6點(diǎn),

the next day

第二天下午2點(diǎn),

the next Friday

第二天,

the next week

下個(gè)星期五,

the next month

在下個(gè)月,

the next year

第二年,

the following day

第二天,

the following week

幾個(gè)星期之后，

the following month

接下來幾個(gè)月,

the following year

接下來的一年,

two days later

兩天后,

three weeks later

三周后,

four years later

四年后,

after 10 o'clock

經(jīng)過10點(diǎn)鐘以后,

after 10 o'clock in the morning,

after 9 o'clock

上午10點(diǎn),在9點(diǎn)鐘

用法

1.過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)，常常用于間接引語，也就是賓語從句中。

He said hewould bethere at 8 o’clock, and she thought hewould keepher word.他說他會在8點(diǎn)到那，她認(rèn)為他會守信用的。與過去將來時(shí)搭配使用的時(shí)間狀語有a week later一周后, the next month下個(gè)月, the following day 第二天等等。

2.一些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的詞如go，come，leave，arrive等，可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示在過去某時(shí)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或打算要做的事。

He said hewas leavingfor Beijing that afternoon.他說他那天下午就要前往北京。I didn't know when theywere comingagain.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候再來。

3.過去將來時(shí)經(jīng)常用于表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。這時(shí)，不分人稱，都用would。

Whatever he did, hewould usehis left hand.他無論做什么，總是用左手。Shewould practiseplaying the piano whenever she was free.那時(shí)，她一有時(shí)間，便去練習(xí)彈鋼琴。

4.“was/were going to do”、“was/were about to do”表示說話的瞬間就會發(fā)生的動(dòng)作) 、“was/were to do”也相當(dāng)于過去將來時(shí)。

When I arrive at the airport, the planewas just going totake off.當(dāng)我到達(dá)機(jī)場時(shí)，飛機(jī)剛好要起飛。The attendant said that the trainwas about toleave.那個(gè)列車員說火車馬上就要離開了。

常見句型

1、賓語從句中

當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞采用一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，其賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如果原本該用一般將來時(shí)的，但要改為過去將來時(shí)。這種用法主要出現(xiàn)在間接引語中。I asked the man opposite if he would open the door.我問對面的人他愿意不愿意開門。I always said he would wind up in jail.我常說他到頭來非進(jìn)監(jiān)獄不可。

2、虛擬條件句中

在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，其主句動(dòng)詞往往要采用would do的用法。If he were you, he would reconsider my proposal.他要是你，他會重新考慮我的建議。He would pass out if he took one more drink.要是他再喝一杯酒的話，他就會醉倒了。

3、as if/though引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣句型中

as if/though表示好像，其引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動(dòng)詞要采用虛擬語氣，所以有的句子就要采用would do的用法。I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.我覺得自己高興得心花怒放。He felt as though he would faint out.他感覺彷佛要昏過去了。

4、would rather句型中

would rather do表示寧愿做什么。We would rather die than surrender.我們寧死而不投降。I would rather die than live in disgrace.我寧可死，也不愿忍辱偷生。

5、would like to句型中

would like to do表示想要做什么。I would like to have a word with you.我想同你說句話。)Many people would like to take holidays abroad.許多人愿意到國外度假。

典型錯(cuò)例分析

誤：

1. 我們不知道他是否要在會上發(fā)言。We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.析：該句主句為過去時(shí)，且賓語從句表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以從句要用過去將來時(shí)態(tài)。

誤：

2. 老師問湯姆長大后準(zhǔn)備干什么。The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.析：在時(shí)間狀語從句中，常用一般過去時(shí)表示在過去看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

誤：

3. 他們說如果下星期天不下雨他們就去農(nóng)場。They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.析：在條件狀語從句中，也常用一般過去時(shí)表示在過去看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

誤：

4. 王林打電話告訴她媽媽，她要買一些書。Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.析：過去將來時(shí)可以由"助動(dòng)詞should/would+動(dòng)詞原形"構(gòu)成，但should一般只用于第一人稱。而would可用于各種人稱。

誤：

5. 上次我見到你時(shí)，你正打算開始乘火車去西藏。Last time I saw you, you had started to go to Tibet by train.Last time I saw you, you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.析：last time是一般過去時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)的顯著標(biāo)志。

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