2024年初中英語句子的成分、結構和種類

句子的成分

1.主語

主語是句中動作、行為、性質、狀態的主體，是一個句子談論的主題。主語可以由名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、從句來充當。

·A horse runs much faster than a cow.

·Nobody can help you except yourself.

·Three is enough for each of us.

·The rich are not always happier than the poor.

·To get up early is a good habit.

·Travelling abroad is popular these days.

·What we can’t get seems better than what we have.

2.謂語

謂語用來說明主語的行為、動作或所處的狀態。謂語由動詞充當，一般放在主語之后。謂語的動詞有人稱、數和時態的變化。

(1)簡單謂語動詞:實義動詞、實義動詞詞組

·I saw him yesterday.

·I look after my baby daughter.

(2)復合謂語動詞:情態動詞+動詞原形、助動詞+動詞的某種形式、系動詞+表語

·I can speak English well.(情+動)

·I am writing now.(助+動)

·Tom has gone to Beijing.(助+動)

·My baby daughter is cute.(系+表)

·The cake tastes good.(系+表)

3.賓語

賓語表示動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、數詞、動名詞、動詞不定式、從句、名詞化的形容詞充當。

·We watched the film last night.

·Where did you buy that?

·If you put 2 and 7 together,you’ll get 9.

·Please stop making noise.

·Remember to tell him to come.

·We all know that she is a great player.

·We should help the poor.

4.表語

表語用來說明主語的特征、屬性、狀態、身份等，與前面的連系動詞一起構成系表結構，作復合謂語。表語通常由名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語充當。

·Andrea is a Canadian.

·It must be her.

·Three and seven is ten.

·The weather is cold.

·The class was over at last.

·My dream is to become an artist.

·They are in the hospital right now.

5.定語

定語是用來描述名詞或代詞的修飾語，它常和名詞一起構成名詞短語。定語分為前置定語和后置定語。

(1)前置定語:形容詞、代詞、名詞、名詞所有格、數詞、動名詞、動詞的現在分詞可作前置定語。

·She is a beautiful girl.

·Open your mouth.

·Here is a stone table.

·This is Lily’s book.

·She cut the cake into two pieces.

·Put the child in the sleeping bag.

·We should adapt to the changing situation.

(2)后置定語:形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、動詞的現在分詞、動詞的過去分詞可作后置定語。

·There is nothing interesting today.

·The buildings around were badly damaged.

·The books on the shelf are new.

·Let’s try another way to do this.

·The girl singing songs is my sister.

·The window broken this morning was repaired.

6.狀語

狀語常用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，它可以表示時間、地點、程度、原因、目的、結果等。通常由副詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語、動詞的現在分詞(短語)、動詞的過去分詞(短語)、從句充當。

·Eve works hard.

·The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

·They are playing football on the playground.

·His parents died,leaving him alone.

·Moved by the movie,the audience began to cry.

·He began to learn English when he was eleven.

狀語的分類:

時間狀語:I watched TV last night.

地點狀語:They are playing football on the playground.

原因狀語:He was sent to prison for robbery.

結果狀語:The stone is too heavy for me to lift.

條件狀語:We can’t live without water and air.

讓步狀語:Though he tried his best,he lost the game.

目的狀語:I joined you to learn English.

方式狀語:I study math by doing math exercises.

程度狀語:I like vegetables very much.

伴隨狀語:She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.

比較狀語:The teenagers of today are better off than we used to be.

方面狀語:I do well in English grammar.

句子的結構

英語的句子由各種句子成分構成，但所有句子中最基本的句型只有5種，其他各種句型都是由這五種基本句型轉換來的。

記憶口訣:

五大基本句型

英語句子千萬種，千變萬化五種型;

一種簡單主謂型，二型基本主謂賓;

三型常見主系表，四型動詞加雙賓;

復合賓語屬五型，基本句型牢記心。

句子的種類

英語的句子中按照使用目的和交際功能分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。

句子的成分

1.主語

主語是句中動作、行為、性質、狀態的主體，是一個句子談論的主題。主語可以由名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、從句來充當。

·A horse runs much faster than a cow.

·Nobody can help you except yourself.

·Three is enough for each of us.

·The rich are not always happier than the poor.

·To get up early is a good habit.

·Travelling abroad is popular these days.

·What we can’t get seems better than what we have.

2.謂語

謂語用來說明主語的行為、動作或所處的狀態。謂語由動詞充當，一般放在主語之后。謂語的動詞有人稱、數和時態的變化。

(1)簡單謂語動詞:實義動詞、實義動詞詞組

·I saw him yesterday.

·I look after my baby daughter.

(2)復合謂語動詞:情態動詞+動詞原形、助動詞+動詞的某種形式、系動詞+表語

·I can speak English well.(情+動)

·I am writing now.(助+動)

·Tom has gone to Beijing.(助+動)

·My baby daughter is cute.(系+表)

·The cake tastes good.(系+表)

3.賓語

賓語表示動作、行為的對象，由名詞、代詞、數詞、動名詞、動詞不定式、從句、名詞化的形容詞充當。

·We watched the film last night.

·Where did you buy that?

·If you put 2 and 7 together,you’ll get 9.

·Please stop making noise.

·Remember to tell him to come.

·We all know that she is a great player.

·We should help the poor.

4.表語

表語用來說明主語的特征、屬性、狀態、身份等，與前面的連系動詞一起構成系表結構，作復合謂語。表語通常由名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語充當。

·Andrea is a Canadian.

·It must be her.

·Three and seven is ten.

·The weather is cold.

·The class was over at last.

·My dream is to become an artist.

·They are in the hospital right now.

5.定語

定語是用來描述名詞或代詞的修飾語，它常和名詞一起構成名詞短語。定語分為前置定語和后置定語。

(1)前置定語:形容詞、代詞、名詞、名詞所有格、數詞、動名詞、動詞的現在分詞可作前置定語。

·She is a beautiful girl.

·Open your mouth.

·Here is a stone table.

·This is Lily’s book.

·She cut the cake into two pieces.

·Put the child in the sleeping bag.

·We should adapt to the changing situation.

(2)后置定語:形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、動詞的現在分詞、動詞的過去分詞可作后置定語。

·There is nothing interesting today.

·The buildings around were badly damaged.

·The books on the shelf are new.

·Let’s try another way to do this.

·The girl singing songs is my sister.

·The window broken this morning was repaired.

6.狀語

狀語常用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，它可以表示時間、地點、程度、原因、目的、結果等。通常由副詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語、動詞的現在分詞(短語)、動詞的過去分詞(短語)、從句充當。

·Eve works hard.

·The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

·They are playing football on the playground.

·His parents died,leaving him alone.

·Moved by the movie,the audience began to cry.

·He began to learn English when he was eleven.

狀語的分類:

時間狀語:I watched TV last night.

地點狀語:They are playing football on the playground.

原因狀語:He was sent to prison for robbery.

結果狀語:The stone is too heavy for me to lift.

條件狀語:We can’t live without water and air.

讓步狀語:Though he tried his best,he lost the game.

目的狀語:I joined you to learn English.

方式狀語:I study math by doing math exercises.

程度狀語:I like vegetables very much.

伴隨狀語:She said goodbye with tears in her eyes.

比較狀語:The teenagers of today are better off than we used to be.

方面狀語:I do well in English grammar.

句子的結構

英語的句子由各種句子成分構成，但所有句子中最基本的句型只有5種，其他各種句型都是由這五種基本句型轉換來的。

記憶口訣:

五大基本句型

英語句子千萬種，千變萬化五種型;

一種簡單主謂型，二型基本主謂賓;

三型常見主系表，四型動詞加雙賓;

復合賓語屬五型，基本句型牢記心。

句子的種類

英語的句子中按照使用目的和交際功能分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。

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