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來源：網絡資源 2023-09-26 19:39:07
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定語從句作為初中英語的難點，在語篇閱讀中對定語從句的考查必不可少。因此掌握定語從句的簡單用法是非常有必要的。
在做此類試題時，首先確定先行詞是指物還是指人，指人就從that, who, whose, whom中選擇;指物就從that, which中選擇。然后再根據關系詞在從句中所作的成分來確定到底應該用哪一個關系詞。
1定語從句概述
在復合句中作定語的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語從句之前。引導定語從句的是關系代詞that,which,who,whose,whom和關系副詞when,where,why。關系代詞或關系副詞既起連接作用,又充當從句中的一個成分。
|
關系詞 |
作用 |
先行詞 |
例句 |
|
that,who, whom(只作 賓語) |
主語、賓 語、表語 |
人 |
Do you know the old man who/that is standing under the tree?你認識站在樹下的那個老人嗎? |
|
that,which |
主語、賓 語、表語 |
物 |
She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一臺電腦,這臺電腦是她父母買給她的。 |
|
whose |
定語 |
人/物 |
The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.這個男孩學習非�？炭�,他爸爸是位醫生。 The room whose window is open is mine.開著窗戶的那個房間是我的。 |
|
when |
狀語 |
時間 |
I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然記得你前往北京的那一天。 |
|
where |
狀語 |
地點 |
This is the school where my mother works.這就是我媽媽工作的那所學校。 |
|
why |
狀語 |
原因 |
Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎? |
2關系代詞的用法
一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;which指物,在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;who在從句中作主語、表語或賓語;whom在從句中作賓語;whose在從句中作定語。
A doctor isa person who looks after a patient.
先行詞 主語 謂語 賓語
句意:醫生就是照顧病人的人。
1.下列情況下,先行詞指物時,只能用that引導,不能用which引導:
(1)當先行詞是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代詞時。
Is there anything that you don’t understand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?
Tom told his mother all that had happened.湯姆把發生的一切都告訴了他的媽媽。
(2)當先行詞前面有the only,the very,the last等修飾時。
This is the only book that I can find.這是我能找到的唯一的一本書。
(3)當序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時。
This is the best book that I have ever read.這是我讀過的最好的書。
(4)當主句是以特殊疑問詞which開頭的特殊疑問句時。
Which is the hotel that you like best?哪個是你最喜歡的旅館?
2.關系代詞的省略
一般情況下,關系代詞作賓語時可以省略,但關系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞位于關系代詞之前時,不能省略。
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永遠不會忘記我加入俱樂部的那一天。
注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語時,不能省略。
Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個男孩是誰?
3關系副詞的用法
This isthe factory where my father works.
先行詞 地點狀語 主語 謂語
句意:這就是我爸爸工作的那個工廠。
1.when表示時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。
I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然記得你從八中畢業的那一年。
2.why表示原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,其先行詞是表示原因的reason一詞。
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.我們不知道他為什么上學遲到。
3.where表示地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。
That is the school where I studied three years ago.那就是我三年前就讀的學校。
4定語從句解題技巧
Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people.
主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program
從句：which is popular among the young people
先行詞：TV program
關系代詞：which
因此,如果確定是考查定語從句,我們就可以排除不是關系代詞或關系副詞的選項，如：what。
在此過程中要掌握“三看”原則。
(1)一看指人還是物
先行詞指人：that,who, whose, whom
先行詞指物：that, which, whose
(2)二看句中作何用
主語 who(人), which(物), that(人/物)
賓語 who/whom(人), which(物), that(人/物)
定語 whose(人/物)
狀語 where(地點), when(時間), why(原因)
如：My brother likes the stories ______ were written by Mark Twain because they are often humorous. 先行詞(the stories)指物,關系詞在從句中作主語,可用關系代詞which/that。
如：He is the boy ______ I talked with just now. 先行詞(the boy)指人,關系詞在從句中作賓語,可用關系代詞whom/who/that/不填。
如：What‘s the name of the girl ______ father is a doctor?先行詞(the girl)指人,關系詞在從句中作定語,可用關系代詞whose。
如：I still remember the day ________ our new school was built. 從句中不缺成分,先行詞(the day)指時間,關系詞在從句中作狀語,可用關系副詞when。
(3)看是否是特殊情況：
練一練：
1. —What shall we do next?
—Take the advice________ is given by Dr. Bloch.
A. whoB. whichC. whose
【答案】B
【解析】先行詞advice，指物體，關系代詞應用which.
2.. Mr. Smith _______ is smoking is looking for______he lost yesterday.
A. whom; which B. who; what
C. that; who D. which; where
【答案】B
【解析】先行詞Mr. Smith指人，關系代詞應用who; 在尋找他昨天丟失的物體，從選項來看，關系代詞應用what.
3.. Steve Jobs is one of the personsfounded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (時代).
A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /
【答案】A
【解析】從句子結構來看先行詞Steve Jobs，指人，且作主語。關系代詞應用who.
4.. ---Do you know the girl ______ is talking to the headmaster over there?
---Of course. She is my sister.
A. whoB. whomC. whichD. what
【答案】A
【解析】選A。考查考查定語從句。先行詞是the girl，指人，在定語從句中作主語，因此用關系代詞who。
5.Foshanis acity has averylonghistory.
AwhoseB. whichC. who
【答案】B
【解析】先行詞是Foshan，是地方，引導詞用which.
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